Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is a leading cause of ICU admission, intubation, and initiating mechanical ventilation. Noninvasive respiratory support is a critical therapy used in the treatment of patients with ARF and, in many cases, can prevent intubation and mechanical ventilation. In recent years, new literature and evidence has been published on the use of noninvasive respiratory support in select patient populations.  In this podcast, we discuss the latest guidelines from the American Thoracic Society on the use of noninvasive respiratory support in select physiologic categories